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| Oil and Gas Business. Electronic Scientific journal. Issue 1/2009 (the first half-year of 2009) |
25.06.09, G.N. Kinzyagulova, A.S Alyabev, N.G. Evdokimova, I.A. Sultanbekova
PLASTICIZING ADDITIVES FROM PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE RESIDUE AND 2-ETHYLHEXANOL RESIDUE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PROPERTIES OF ROAD PETROLEUM BITUMENS
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Kinzyagulova/Kinzyagulova_1.pdf
The article is about production of plasticizing addictives which was received from phthalic anhydride residue and 2-ethylhexanol residue for improvement of properties and structure of road petroleum bitumens grades 60/90 and 90/130 - most often used in the road constructions. Method of receiving of plasticizing additives was described, their properties were researched, and influence of plasticizing additives on operating abilities and physicochemical properties of road petroleum bitumens was showed.
Keywords: phthalic anhydride residue, 2-ethylhexanol residue, plasticizing additive, esterification, road petroleum bitumen, modification
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18.06.09, R.R. Aznalin, M.M Arslanov, A.F. Akhmetov, A.G. Balyanov
REFINERY TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES INTEGRATION. PROPYLENE PRODUCTION ON FCC UNIT
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Aznalin/Aznalin_1.pdf
It is written about factors influencing the selection of FCC propylene yield design points and how refiners can leverage existing assets to close the market gap for propylene production.
Keywords: catalytic cracking process, ethylene, propylene, light olefins, FCC propylene production, propylene recovery, revamp unit design
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11.06.09, M.E. Rozhkin
INFLUENCE OF GAS CONTENT IN OIL ON EFFICIENCY OF THE DOWNHOLE SUCKER ROD PUMP
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Rozhkin/Rozhkin_1.pdf (in Russian)
The article deals with the task of determining the effectiveness of the downhole sucker rod pump with deleterious effects of dissolved gas in oil. The results obtained in the paper show that the nonequilibrium factor significantly affects the efficiency of the borehole pumps. However, it should be borne in mind that these results were obtained in bench conditions, ie in circumstances where possible to provide only the influence of gas oil at the rate filing. Naturally, in the real world, such analysis can not hold. In this case you need statistical data processing operation of wells.
Keywords: gas content, modelling, downhole sucker rod pump, the rate filing
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05.06.09, Chu Van Luong, Nguyen Huu Nhan
FEATURES DISTRIBUTION AND CHANGE OF FORMATION PRESSURE IN GRANITOID COLLECTORS FOR "WHITE TIGER" FIELD
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Luong/Luong_1.pdf (in Russian)
Formation pressure is one of the major parameters of development oil and gas deposits. Available materials specify that we have met in granitoids the special type collector, which differs from collectors in terrigenous and carbonate rocks. Therefore at present question on features distribution and change of formation pressure in granitoid collectors is actual.
Keywords: granitoid collector, formation pressure, bubble-point pressure, fundament, north vault, centre vault, "White Tiger" field
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02.06.09, P.V. Dominov, B.S. Zhirnov, I.N. Tarasov
RESEARCH OF PROPYLENE COLUMN USING MATH MODEL WHICH WAS MADE BY HYSYS
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Dominov/Dominov_2.pdf
This article overview research and optimization propylene column K-17 EP-300 production JSC "SNOS" to produce propylene with polymer purity and to add additional propane-propylene cut from FCC.
Keywords: propylene, gas fractionation, column, modeling, rectification, petrochemistry, monomers, optimization, tray
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26.05.09, M.R. Vildanov, P.V. Karpov, E.A. Poroshin, G.G. Valyavin, A.F. Ishkildin
RELEVANCE AND PROSPECTS OF VISBREAKING PROCESS
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/VildanovMR/VildanovMR_1.pdf
There is written about most perspective method of visbreaking process increasing yield of light fractions. It is described visbreaking process for residual asphalt production, analyzed properties of produced bitumen. It was made marketing research of domestic and foreign markets of fuel oil.
Keywords: visbreaking process, fuel oil, residual asphalt, market of bitumen, tar, mineral additive, ozonization, chemical initiation, physical influence
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24.05.09, M.S. Ahmedov, O.A. Baulin, M.N. Rahimov, R.A. Rahimkulov
LIQUID PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Ahmedov/Ahmedov_1.pdf
Existing technologies of pygas processing are considered. Styrene extraction from BTX cut by means of extractive distillation process is suggested for JSC "Salavatnefteorgsintez". Main benefits of this modernization are described.
Keywords: extractive distillation, solvent, separating, styrene, BTX, aromatics, pyrolysis, pygas, model, HYSYS, Wilson
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24.05.09, N.I. Mironyuk, V.V. Zolnikov, B.S. Zhirnov, K.N. Novoderzhkina, E.A. Pryanikova
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES OF AQUEOUS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED MULTICOMPONENT SALT SOLUTIONS TREATMENT METHODS
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Mironyuk/Mironyuk_1.pdf
It is spoken about features of aqueous highly concentrated multicomponent salt solutions treatment methods. It is also advised a complex technology of treatment such kind of solutions.
Keywords: methods of aqueous highly concentrated multicomponent salt solutions treatment, crystallization, atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, acid neutralization
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18.05.09, A.I. Gerasimov
REINFORCEMENT OF CARRYING ABILITY OF ICE FERRIES AND MARSHY ROADS
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Gerasimov/Gerasimov_1.pdf (in Russian)
Development of stocks of hydrocarbon raw material and investigation of their site today moves ahead more and more on northern territories of Russia, where there is no developed high system. The technics of oil-and-gas branch and transport on its delivery becomes more powerful, increasing in weight. At the time global changes in a climate remove in later terms of becoming of safe carrying ability of ice ferries and marshy roads. All this dictates development of the ways reinforcement of carrying ability of ice ferries and marshland.
Keywords: the heavy technics, ice ferries, carrier ability, transportation of the cargo, shaping of ice, freezing, marshland, flooring
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13.05.09, N.F. Murzagaliev, R.A. Rakhimkulov, A.M. Kiryukhin., S.V. Alekseev
CHANGE IN MOLECULAR MASS DISTRIBUTION OF POLYSTYRENE DURING ITS PROCESSING
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Murzagaliev/Murzagaliev_1.pdf
There is written about molecular mass characteristics of polystyrenes, which are used in EPS production. There is analyzed change in molecular mass distribution and melt index after thermal action on polystyrene.
Keywords: molecular mass distribution, melt flow index, polystyrene, thermal decomposition
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12.05.09, A.S. Kovin, A.V. Sitdikova, M.N. Rakhimov
CATALYTIC CRACKING DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ROLE IN MODERN RUSSIAN REFINERY
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Kovin/Kovin_1.pdf
Problems of Russian refineries in face of new requirements for motor fuels considered in the article. It is made review of modern state and development plans of catalytic cracking in Russia. It is considered actual foreign and domestic technologies.
Keywords: catalytic cracking process, FCC, ultimate gasoline, cracking catalyst, octane number
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30.04.09, V.A. Tabarin, S.D. Demjantzeva
DETERMINING OF COUPLED WATER IN SAMPLES ROCKS AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Tabarin/Tabarin_1.pdf (in Russian)
This paper describes the first results of our laboratory investigation of the formation constitutient (rock matrix and borehoule fluids) and the composite formation. The electromagnetic propagation tool has demonstrated that the dielectric permittivity of rocks at microwave frequencies. This investigation are helpful in determining the properties of the rocks and the fluids contain, especially coupled water. Electrical parameters of rocks with fluids are found generally complex. A technique has been developed for measuring the complex dielectric ptrmittivity over a microwave frequency bands (8.15 to 12 GHz). Measurements on bulk water of various salinities demonstrate the salinity dependence of the dielectric constant () of water at high salinities. The measured a dielectric loss () shows little dispersion and is in good agreement with measured low-frequency values by other investigators. All measurements are made with samples of different porosity (3 to 24%) and saturated porous water (88.9 to 32.6%). Error of measurements 10% be achieved.
Keywords: rock, coupled water, complex dielectric permittivity, microwave frequencies, quasi-optical measurement
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28.04.09, Nikolay P. Starostin, Alexander I. Gerasimov
WELDING OF THE POLYMER PIPES FOR GAS MAIN UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Starostin/Starostin_2.pdf (in Russian)
Based on features of thermophysical properties of polymerical materials, method of welding of polyethylene pipes for gas pipelines are offered, allowing to conduct welding without construction of temporary coverture at the low temperature of atmospheric air.
Keywords: welding, heated instrument, gas main, polyethylene, temperature, way, heating, cooling, camera
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27.04.09, Igor F. Rustamov, Yaroslav I. Gordeyev, Leyla A. Shihiyeva, Oktay T. Bagirov
ABOUT REALIZATION OF NEW COMPOSITE SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY FOR SALT SCALE CONTROL
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Rustamov/Rustamov_1.pdf (in Russian)
In the presence article the questions of salt scale formation in operational objects during an crude production are described. By the example of given problem analysis on a number of oil field in Russia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan was shown, that the salt scale problem especially strongly appear on a protractedly developed oil Fields. At that it is emphasized, that the wells operated by submersible electric centrifugal pump unit are range to a high risk group.
It is marked, that microbiological processes additionally complicate the problem due to a complex structure of scale deposit formation. Principal causes of salting-up process in bottom-hole area and primary reason of operational unsuccessfulness of some geologic and technical activity for rehabilitation of reservoir quality on the critical area of formation are described.
With the purpose of geologic and technical activity effectivization the technology of bottom hole treatment based on using ammonium chloride in a combination with surface active agent is offered.
Keywords: salt scale, watering, bottom-hole zone, submersible electrical centrifugal pumping, deposition with complex composition, inhibitors, ammonium chloride
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24.04.09, T.V. Jafarov
ABOUT INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF FUNCTIONING OF GAS PIPELINES ON THE BASIS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF THE CONDITION OF THEIR INTERNAL SURFACE AT THE STATIONARY MODÅ
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Jafarov/Jafarov_2.pdf (in Russian)
The problem of maintenance of high level of reliability and efficiency of functioning of gas pipelines is a complex problem. One of principal causes of deterioration of working capacity of a gas pipeline is its corking (partial or full). For working out of operative methods of detection of corking and acceptance of timely engineering decisions providing a normal mode of functioning of a gas pipeline, is represented the question of diagnostics of an internal surface of a gas pipeline actual.
For research of influence of a zone of corking on the stationary characteristic of a gas stream has been collected experimental installation. Have been considered various volumes of corking of a gas pipeline. On the basis of researches for practical calculations is offered the technique of definition of a place of corking of a gas pipeline.
Keywords: gas supplying system, the rising of reliability, analyses the condition, zones formation of hydrate accumulation
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23.04.09, M.A. Tsygankova
NETBACK PRICING AS A REMEDY FOR THE RUSSIAN GAS DEFICIT
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Tsygankova/Tsygankova_1.pdf
This descriptive study discusses the effects of increases in domestic gas prices on the Russian gas market. Domestic natural gas prices have remained below their long-run marginal cost for more than a decade since Russia's movement toward a market economy in 1991. As a result, the ability of the Russian gas sector to meet future growing demand from domestic and foreign consumers has come under question. In an attempt to avoid gas shortages in the future, Russian government wishes to introduce netback pricing of natural gas after 2011. Netback pricing refers to the process of equalizing the gas price in Russia to the gas price in Europe after adjusting for export taxes, transportation costs, and transit tariffs. The paper concludes that netback pricing can help Russia to avoid a gas deficit. However, the gas supply in Russia will remain tight until 2011.
Keywords: Russia, Natural gas, netback price, supply shortage, deficit
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23.04.09, G.A. Suleymanov
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL BASIS OF OIL-GAS PROSPECTS MESOZOIC DEPOSITS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE SOUTHEASTERN SUBSIDING GREATER CAUCASUS
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/SuleymanovGA/SuleymanovGA_1.pdf (in Russian)
In the presented article, basis of study paleotectonical, paleogeographical and geochemical conditions of sedimentation and oil-gasbearing of Mesozoic deposits, to the main oil and gaz bearing deposits are middle Jurassic and Valanjinian stage. Historical and geological model of oil and gas generating shows that, the middle Jurassic and the bottom part of Valanjinan deposits from the beginning of late Aptian stage had subsided into zones of the main phase gas generation (MFG). The upper part of Lower Cretaceous deposits was in zone of the main phase of oil generation (MFO). Upper Cretaceous deposits, which are being in zone of protokatagenes (on the depths 1-2 êì), had no essential value of oil and gas generation. Proceeding from specified, Middle Jurassic and the bottom part of Valanjinan stage are considered prospective for searches of gas and gas-condensate pools, and the upper part of Lower Cretaceous section for oil pool.
Optimum conditions for formation and preservation of oil and gas pools in the specified deposits exists in under trust parts of the SW wings of anticline folds of Begimdag-Tegchay, Sitalchay, Yashma and Shurabad, where drilling explorative wells within depth 4,5-5 êì has been recommended.
Keywords: geology, geochemist, oilgasbearing, Mesozoic, anticline, section, search, well, zone, faze, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Greater Caucasus, subsiding.
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13.04.09, V.E. Sova
POTENTIAL ZONES OF WATERFLOODING OF THE RESERVOIR T1-III OF THE SREDNEVILYUISKY GAS CONDENSATE FIELD
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Sova/Sova_1.pdf (in Russian)
In following paper presented method for estimation of drainage area from wildcat well test data. Theoretical background and practical application are given. Best practices and limitations of the method also lighted.
Keywords: reservoir drainage area, wildcat well, well test, pressure build-up curve, infinite radial flow, pseudo-steady state flow equation
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09.04.09, A.I. Sivtzev
POTENTIAL ZONES OF WATERFLOODING OF THE RESERVOIR T1-III OF THE SREDNEVILYUISKY GAS CONDENSATE FIELD
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Sivtzev/Sivtzev_2.pdf (in Russian)
The investigation of the peculiarities of the pressure-water system and filtration characteristics of the reservoir T1-III of the Srednevilyuisky gas condensate field allowed to reveal the potential waterflooding zones.
Keywords: water-pressure system, "openness" of the production horizon, effective permeability, flooding zones
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01.04.09, P.A. Sychkov, B.S. Jirnov, A.A. Khajbullin
NOT FUEL USING OF BROWN COAL
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Sychkov/Sychkov_1.pdf
There is written about most perspective and well-known methods of coal using in industry. It is described more complex technology of brown coal using as source of humates and waxes production and subsequent traditional application as solid fuel.
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30.03.09, O.V. Sitchikhin
STRUCTURE AND OIL-AND-GAS CONTENT OF THE RIPHEAN ROCKS OF THE NORTH-EAST PART OF VOLGA-AND-URAL SEDIMENTARY BASIN (PERM KRAY)
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Sitchikhin/Sitchikhin_1.pdf (in Russian)
On the basis of new geological and geophysical data features of the Riphean rocks structure of the north-east part of Volga-and-Ural sedimentary basin (Perm Kray) are considered. The Riphean complex of sedimentary rocks belongs to two aulacogens: Kaltasinsky and Kazan-Kazhim; thickness of the Riphean rocks varies from a few tens meters up to 9 km in a southwest part of Kray. The perspectives of oil-and-gas content are revealed to Novo-Dubovogorskoe anticlinal structure in the south and zones of of the Riphean sedimentary rocks in the west of Perm Kray.
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24.03.09, Fayruzov D. Kh., Fayruzov R. Kh., Sitdikova A.V., Baulin O.A., Rahimov M.N.
ULSD PRODUCTION
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Fayruzov/Fayruzov_1.pdf
It is spoken about features ULSD production. Also in article shown technicals and economics point some of main hydrofining process diesel fuel.
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17.03.09, P. Dominov, R. Gilyazetdinova, B. Zhirnov, I. Tarasov, R. Khlestkin
OVERVIEW WORLD TECHNOLOGIES OF PYROLYSIS AND PERSPECTIVE OF DEVELOPMENT
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Dominov/Dominov_1.pdf
In this article was made research of the process of pyrolysis and modification of this process. It's was viewed existing technology which are represented by different company. It's determined directions of development and perspectives of using this process in different fields of industry.
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04.03.09, S.A. Grebneva, Y.N Belkov., F.R. Murtazin
HYDROTREATING UNIT SIMULATOR: REASONS FOR DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Grebneva/Grebneva_1.pdf
It is spoken about necessity of training simulator development. The example of training simulator creation for hydrotreatment unit on JSC "Salavatnefteorgsintez" is shown.
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27.02.09, R.M. Bulatov, B.S. Jirnov
FCC PROCESS OF HEAVY FEED STOCK WITH IMPROVED YIELD OF LIGHT OLEFINS
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Bulatov/Bulatov_1.pdf
There is written about most perspective method of FCC process with improved yield of light olefins using in industry. It is described FCC process for heavy feed stock which modified to produce greater yields of light olefins; particularly, ethylene, propylene and butylene with less production of dry gas; i.e., hydrogen, methane and ethane at relatively high conversion.
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26.02.09, E.V. Danzanova
QUESTIONS OF THE CONTROL OF QUALITY WELDED JOINING THE POLYETHYLENE PIPES FOR GAS MAIN
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Danzanova/Danzanova_1.pdf (in Russian)
At the temperature surrounding air below normative welding polyethylene pipes for gas main is made on proposed in IPNG SB RAS technological mode. The Efficiency of the technological mode was researched by methods of the checking quality welded join recommended by normative document. It is installed that recommended methods do not allow realistically to reveal the breaches of the technological mode.
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24.02.09, V. Yamalyiev, E. Imayeva, T. Salakhov
ABOUT THE DEEP DRILLING EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL CONDITION RECOGNITION METHOD
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Yamaliev/Yamaliev_3.pdf
The primary objective of the proposed method is to evaluate the current conditions of the drilling system and suggest modifying values of main drilling control parameters to optimize the efficiency of the drilling in whole, while reducing the probability of premature wear of the drill bit.
Method is realized with the drilling components (e.g., surface equipment, drillstring, drill bit, mud, etc.), as well as the formation being drilled. Drilling control parameters include both the parameters adjustable in real-time, such as hook load, RPM, or mud flow rate, as well as those that can be modified with some delay for maximal use of deep equipment resource.
We believe that the proposed methodology opens new opportunities for real-time drilling optimization that can be efficiently implemented within the scope of the existing drilling practice.
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20.02.09, N.B. Agayev, T.A. Huseinov
INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGICAL MODELS OF REGULATION OF INEQUALITY IN SYSTEM "PRODUCTION - PIPELINE TRANSPORT - DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL GAS"
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Agayev/Agayev_2.pdf (in Russian)
The mathematical model of optimum regulation of inequality in system "production - pipeline transport - distribution of natural gas" has been developed. The model takes into account the basic technology factors of determining normal functioning of the given system. On the basis of the actual data base is shown the working capacity of offered (suggested) model. There have been determined the prognosis values of the beginning of the gas collection from Underground Storage of Gas (USG) and piping into (USG) which's knowledge allows to adjust in the best way the technological processes of work of all system "production-pipeline transport-distribution of natural gas"
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13.02.09, Faisal S. Al-Reshedan, Ahamed Gawish, Hazim N. Dmour
EVALUATION THE METHODOLOGIES OF ANALYZING PRODUCTION AND PRESSURE DATA OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURED WELLS IN LOW PERMEABILITY GAS RESERVOIRS
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Al-Reshedan/Al-Reshedan_1.pdf
Production data analysis approaches have advanced significantly over the past few years. While many different methods have been published in the literature, there is no single method that yields the most reliable answer. Analyzing production history and pressure data of a hydraulically fractured gas well in low permeability reservoir can be an effective way to estimate the well and reservoir properties. However, fractured gas wells in low permeability reservoirs represent a challenge to petroleum engineers. This is because of the presence of wellbore storage, formation damage and Non-Darcy flow effects around wellbore.
This study uses an advanced production analysis package, Topaze software, to evaluate the most applicable methods for use in determining well and reservoir parameters, and estimating the gas in place for hydraulically fractured gas wells in low permeability reservoirs. Field and simulated examples are presented to illustrate the evaluation of these methods. Results from this study show that modern methods such as Blasingame, Normalized Pressure Integral and the Flowing Material Balance are valuable analysis tools for production history and pressure data. Both pressure transient analysis and production analysis have been studied.
The interaction of changing wellbore storage and Non-Darcy flow effects on the analysis of production and pressure data have been studied. Results show that using flowing pressure data in production analysis will be more representative and descriptive of the reservoir than using wellhead pressure data for gas well.
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07.02.09, A.N. Sarkar
GEO-POLITICS OF OILTRADING: SCANNING THE GLOBAL BUSINESS SCENE
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Sarkar/Sarkar_1.pdf
Fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas, meeting nearly 85% of the global energy demand, constitute the backbone of many petrochemical based and allied industries- prominently in energy, commercial, domestic and transport sectors. The demand for these resources is presently high from the developed economy; but the projected demand in the next decade is predicted to be higher from the developing economies, especially from BRIC's such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. The demand-supply equation has been artificially disrupted off-and-on by creating a divide across OPEC and Non-OPEC oil producing and exporting countries, which, in turn, are attributable to such factor as geo-politics, causing both trade distortions in one hand, regional and economic imbalances on the other. The paper highlights the various aspects and dimensions of geo-politics in oil-trading in the global business scene and seeks to suggest future strategies and options to minimize the negative impact of geo-politics on the global economy by resorting to certain positive policy interventions- both at the regional as well as global levels.
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04.02.09, Irma Glinz, Lorena Berumen
OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR AN OIL WELL DRILLING PROGRAM: MEXICO CASE
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Glinz/Glinz_2.pdf
This document provides an overall of the oil well drilling in PEMEX Exploracion y Produccion (PEP), it presents a diagnosis of the current situation which finally constitutes the grounds for a "model for the optimization of an oil well drilling program". This model is an application of the optimization techniques and, specifically, of the binary integer programming.
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16.01.09, Mohsin Al-Jarba, Bandar Duraya Al-Anazi
A COMPARISON STUDY OF THE OF THE CO2-OIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LITERATURE CORRELATIONS ACCURACY USING VISUAL BASIC MODELLING TECHNIQUE
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Al-Jarba/Al-Jarba_1.pdf
A key parameter in a CO2 flooding process is the gas solubility as it contributes to oil viscosity reduction and oil swelling, which together, in turn, enhance the oil mobility and oil relative permeability. Often injected gas-oil mixture physical properties parameters are established through time-consuming experimental means or using correlations available in the literature. However, one must recognise that such correlations for predicting the injected CO2-oil physical properties are valid usually for certain data ranges or site-specific conditions.
In this paper, a comparison has been presented between the literature correlations for CO2-oil physical properties using excel spreadsheet and also using Visual Basic soft ware. Emera and Sarma (2006) correlations have yielded more accurate predictions with lower errors than the other tested models for all the tested physical properties (CO2 solubility, oil swelling due to CO2, CO2-oil density, and CO2-oil viscosity). Furthermore, unlike the literature models, which were applicable to only limited data ranges and conditions, Emera and Sarma models could be applied over a wider range and conditions.
The developed Visual Basic software can be used to test which correlation presents the best accuracy between a list of different literature correlations for CO2-oil physical properties and then once the best correlation has been selected, the user can go to this correlation and use it in predicting the property (CO2 solubility, oil swelling due to CO2, CO2-oil density, and CO2-oil viscosity) when no experimental data are not available.
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12.01.09, R.G. Kasatkin
ORGANIZATION OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION FROM ARCTIC OFF-SHORE FIELDS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/KasatkinRG/KasatkinRG_1.pdf (in Russian)
In this article author analyses international experience of Organization of oil and natural gas transportation from Arctic off-shore fields, especially the experience of Norway and United States oil and gas companies. On the basis of the research the author critically evaluates the activity of Russian companies and make some practical recommendation for further development in this area.
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11.01.09, T.V. Jafarov
ABOUT THE RISING OF RELIABILITY OF GAS SUPPLYING
http://www.ogbus.ru/authors/Jafarov/Jafarov_1.pdf (in Russian)
In the process of exploitation of gas transport system, come across with the fact when user does not get natural gas in necessary quantity. Frequently the reason of it is linking to gas transportation of net works, not foreseen by project. In consequence of it, the total needs in natural gas increase capacity of the system.
On the base of dispatchers and statistical information, it was investigated the most dense far- flung gas transportation net in Azerbaijan-Apsheron gas distributive system. It was exposed that disparity of carrying capacity of gas transportation net in the whole or its separate districts brought to breach of normal gas supplying to users. For removing of that fact it necessary the reconstruction of the system. First of all it is necessary to analyses the condition of the system in order to determine the users who owing to overwork of the system in the whole normally not supplying by gas. There exist different methods of mentioned analysis. In this article offered simplified method for practical calculation providing enough reliable results.
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