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| Oil and Gas Business. Electronic Scientific journal. Issue 2/2001 (the second half-year of 2001) |
11.12.2001, Ga'bor Taka'cs
WAYS TO DECREASE PRODUCTION COSTS FOR SUCKER-ROD PUMPING
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Takacs/waystodecrease.pdf
Mainly due to its long history, sucker-rod pumping is a very popular means of artificial lift all over the world, roughly two-thirds of the producing oil wells are on this type of lift. To maximize profits from these wells in the ever-changing economic situation with rising costs of electric power, installation designs must ensure optimum conditions.
In the paper, basic considerations on ensuring profitable rod pumping operations are given. The key topics of installation design (pumping mode selection, optimum counterbalance, rod string design) are addressed and their role in the improvement of sucker- rod pumping operations and the reduction of lifting costs is discussed. After a review of the surface and downhole energy losses in sucker-rod pumped wells, some key considerations on the ways to improve system efficiency are given. The most important task is the proper selection of the pumping mode, i.e. the combination of plunger size, pumping speed, stroke length, and rod taper design for lifting the prescribed amount of liquid to the surface. The best pumping mode maximizes the lifting efficiency and, at the same time, reduces prime mover power requirements and electrical costs. The operational efficiency of the surface equipment is improved by using an optimum counterbalancing of the pumping unit. To achieve an ideal sucker-rod pumping system the mechanical design of the tapered rod string must be properly made.
The paper gives aspects and details of installation design improvements along with practical examples.
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11.12.2001, Ga'bor Taka'cs
USE OF CONVENTIONAL DYNAMOMETER CARDSIN THE ANALYSIS OF SUCKER-ROD PUMPED INSTALLATIONS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Takacs/useofc.pdf
A conventional dynamometer (the most common type of measuring device in rod pumping well analy-sis) records polished rod loads versus rod displace-ment during the pumping cycle on a plot called dynamometer card. Calculations requiring rod loads and displacements as input variables must rely on information retrieved from these cards. There are many conditions that prevent the pumping analyst from getting the right type and the desired amount of reliable measurement data from dynamometer cards. These include: (a) the card's small physical size, (b) visual reading of the card can be insufficient, and (c) additional information not readily available from the card may also be needed.
The goal set forth in this paper is to present a novel technique for processing conventional dynamometer cards. The calculation method and the computer program developed for this purpose: (a) uses a simple computer configuration, (b) involves a simple, easy-to-learn procedure, (c) ensures the required accuracy, and (d) allows the retrieval of special information from the card that cannot be reached with other methods.
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11.12.2001, M.A. Tokarev, R.G. Islamov, G.A. Shamaev, A.N. Chervyakova, V.B. Smirnov, K.H. Ginullin, M.M. Tazie
SELECTIVE CONTROL OF FIELD DEVELOPMENT INTENSIFICATION
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Tokarev/selectivecontrol.pdf
Additional downloads: Figure 1, Figure 2, Table.
The state of the art of development of the majority of oil-fields of Russia is characterized by growth of almost unrecoverable of residual reserves in headers of a composite constitution at a high water cutting of well production. The raise of performance of digging with almost unrecoverable reserves requires special scientific studies.
We esteem a system of selective control of intensification of process of development including hierarchical approach to learning a plant, statistical simulation of processes of development on various instants, estimation of potential possibilities of a plant on efficiency and blow- down recovery, optimization of methods of a bottom-hole zone treatment and a plant as a whole with the purpose of meliorating performance oil recovery and new methods of check by the dynamics of oil saturation of a bench during development. All this allows to forecast and to drive the process of development.
The methodology, considered by us, is resulted on an example of large oil producing region encompassing northwest of Bashkortostan.
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11.12.2001, V. Vasiliev, A. Gazizov, N. Ibragimov, Z. Habibullin
THE EFFECTIVE GASEOUS TECHNOLOGIES OF RECOVERY INCREASEMENT
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Vasiljev/effective.pdf
To the present the wide experience gas usage for well stimulation of oil and increasement of recovery is enough accumulated. The methods of gas-oil displacement have found the broad applying for the fields of massive type with a fissured carbonaceous reservoir. It is world-known that for these fields the most effective way of exploitation – is the gas drive regime. So, the statistical researches of application the gas drive regime in USA have shown that the success factor has reached 75%. The discovery of large numbers of reef reservoirs in Canada has given the great push to development and implementation methods of gas-oil displacement.
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11.12.2001, B. Mastobayev, E. Mowsumzade, T. Dmitriyeva, M. Muslimzade, E. Mamedyarov
THE APPLICATION OF THE OIL FUEL FOR AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT.
(THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Mastobaev/theappl.pdf
So far development of the automobile transport was accompanied by means of change of the composition quantity of the oil fuel. From the moment of the invention of the internal combustion engines of the carburetor type was began the era of the use benzene of the motor oil, which was became the general product of oil refining. The invention of engines with high degrees of compression required fuel with the sufficient anti-detonation characteristics. In connection with that fact there was a tendency to gradual substitution of pure benzene with mixed benzene. Such additions as benzole, tetraethyllead and alcohol served as antidetonation dopants. The creation of such cracking-systems allowed to increase octane numbers of benzene. At the end of the 19th century the invention of the new diesel engine leed to the creation of another type of motor fuel. Diesel engines burned oil fuel. Thus, at the first half of the 20th century oil fuel took first place among motor fuel of all sorts on the foreign market.
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11.12.2001, Batchuluun Gantsetseg, Kh. Sharkhuu
DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION PERMAFROST IN MONGOLIA OF A PART, IS LOCATED IN SOUTH – SIBERIAN REGION OF RUSSIAN
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Gana/gan1.pdf
Southern areas of Siberian region are located on territory of Mongolia. To them concern basin of lake Khubsgul, Orkhon- Selenge, Khentii a mountain. In orographic the attitude (relation) the Khubsgul basin is located between on northern aspect of East Sayan, in the south of offshoot Khangai, on west of mountain system Tuva and on east of Baikal mountain area. Khubsgul concerns to basin of Arctic Ocean and adjoins to basins Baikal, Angari and Enisei.
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11.12.2001, I.Siraeva, N.Teplov, S.Mikhailova, A.Syrkin
GAS FIELDS AND GAS PROCESSING IN BASHKORTOSTAN
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Siraeva/gasfields.pdf
The history of oil and gas content discovery, main stages of formation and development of gas-condensates processing in Bashkortostan are considered.
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11.12.2001, Bela Mating, Tibor Bodi
EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE SOURCE IN HYDROCARBON PRODUCING WELLS TO INCREASE THE PERFORATION EFFICIENCY
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Bodi/evalofdam.pdf
Besides the behavior of the hydrocarbon reservoir, the drilling and completion technology has a significant influence on the production capacity of oil and gas wells. When a well is not producing as expected, the formation may have low permeability or/and may be “damaged”. If the evaluation of the well productivity during the DST (Drill Steam Test) tests and the production of other wells in the same reservoir show that the production of the examined well should be higher we can look for the reason for the low production. If the reservoir permeability is low the well is the candidate of the stimulation by hydraulic fracturing. When the restricted flow into the wellbore caused by the improper well drilling or well completion technology then the near wellbore damage should be removed or decreased, and the completion technology should be corrected. In order to increase the efficiency of well completion and select the right well stimulation method we need to recognize the reason for the low production. After recognizing the source of low production we will be able to increase the well production by selecting and applying the suitable well stimulation method and we will be able to correct our drilling and completion technology in other to increase the production of the wells that will be drilled in the future.
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11.12.2001, Imre Federer
DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN CRITERIA FOR WELL COMPLETION IN HORIZONTAL WELLS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Federer/devofdesign.pdf
A well constructed horizontal production well can assure the most advantageous flowing conditions when the fluid content of the yield gas is not separated to a considerable extent in the environment of the bore bottom. However, in case of wells producing a high gas- fluid ratio, the intensive separation of fluid and gas in the horizontal section may cause failures of the well structure. For the time being, there is a serious uncertainty concerning hole gripping, system pressure and the effect of well structure influencing flow conditions. The clarification of effects influencing the flow conditions in a horizontal well section could be an important step in preventing the expected production problems, as well as from the point of view of the construction of a suitable well structure.
The present study reports on a series of tests for investigating the mixed flow of gas and fluid in a horizontal well section. Conditions of the design and development of the investigation equipment are presented. In the following, the analysis of horizontal well sections is proposed to be a factor to be considered in well design. During the investigation, flow diagrams have been made to analyze the impact of the casing liner - producing pipe on the flow chart.
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11.12.2001, S. Pashin
INSURANCE OF INVESTMENT RISKS IN THE TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Pashin/insurance.pdf
Classification of investment risks is developed, parameter of measurement of a level of investment risk is offered, variants of insurance of risks in the transitional companies (ÒNC) are considered.
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11.12.2001, R.F. Ismagilov
STRATEGIC PROBLEMS OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY OF REPUBLIC BASHKORTOSTAN
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Ismagilov/strategice.pdf
In the article the system analysis of activity of the petroleum companies of republic Bashkortostan is carried out on the basis of the concept of vertically-integrated petroleum companies, legal aspects of functioning of the petroleum companies of Bashkiria are considered, the strategic potential of a petroleum complex of republic is appreciated, strategic alternatives of development of the petroleum companies of Bashkortostan are put forward.
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11.12.2001, L. Rodionova, S. Murtasin
REGIONAL FINANCIAL-INDUSTRIAL GROUPS - AS A GEAR OF REALISATION OF INNOVATIONAL STRATEGY
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Murtasin/regional.pdf
There is investigated a opportunity of realisation of innovation strategy of branches and region - as bases for choice ad ranking of the investment projects - through creation and functioning of regional financial-industrial groups.
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11.12.2001, F. Ma'dai
AN OVERVIEW OF THE FOREIGN EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTS OF THE HUNGARIAN OIL COMPANY FROM THE ASPECT OF TAXATION
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Madai/anoverview.pdf
Additional downloads: Table of summary of some fiscal indexes for the examined countries.
The Hungarian Oil and Gas Company (MOL), the partially state- owned successor of the Oil an Gas Trust, has an accumulated experience, good staff and equipment-park for oil production. The MOL is one of the largest among the Hungarian companies and it is the only integrated oil company of central-east Europe. Hungarian fields has become matured in the last decade. To compensate the production decrease, and to use effectively the accumulated expertise, MOL is getting to spend $432 million for foreign exploration and development in next five years to explore medium- size, low-risk fields. MOL’s first agreement was signed in 1991 with the Tunisian State Oil Company, and the most recent one with Pakistan is dated by 11 February 1999. The MOL has exploration agreements with Yemen, Syria, Egypt, Qatar, Greece and Albania as well.
This paper examines the petroleum fiscal conditions of the above listed countries with purposes, how do these regimes reflect the aims of these countries in developing their hydrocarbon resources, as well as how do these regimes fit MOL’s strategy?
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11.12.2001, R. Ismakov, A. Popov
WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT OF ROTARY BITS FOR OIL AND GAS WELLS DRILLING
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Ismakov/waysofimp.pdf
At the modern stage of the improvement and elaboration of new tools for drilling and repair of wells, an agreement of geometric parameters and flow process properties is necessary not only of the tool as a whole or its functional systems, but of the component parts of the functional systems with an actual distribution per them of kinematics, power and energetic characteristics of the mode of its operation. Such approach to the solution of this problem requires a statement and fulfilment of detailed researches of work relating to a wear for each system of the tool and its components. For ex, as for a rotary bit’s support its functioning and wear of bearings, sealing properties, a lubrication system operation, lubricants in specific conditions of the support’s functioning. Detailed research works, carried out at the university, allowed to underline weak parts of each system and concentrate efforts of the scientists, firstly, on the achievement of equal-strength of tool’s components, and then, on the elaboration of it at a new qualitative level.
This article is based on researches of the mechanical processes in mining rocks and rock- destruction tools, which started under the leadership of professor L.A. Shreiner and were continued at USPTU under the leadership of Prof. M.P. Mavliutov in the direction of a dynamic destruction of mining rocks when drilling and hydraulics of the zone attached to the well; Prof. A.I. Spivak in the direction of mining rocks abrasion and wear-resistance of rock-destructive tools and Prof. G.V. Konesev in the direction of tribotechnique, applying to the conditions of wells’ drilling.
At present, a complete school of researchers of these problems was formed at USPTU, and the authors of the represented article are included in this structure as well.
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11.12.2001, Tibor Szabo'
DRILLING THROUGH SHALLOW GAS ZONES IN HUNGARY
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Szabo/drillingthrough.pdf
The prospecting activity for CH is more than 60 years old in Hungary. During this long time we had 73 documented blowouts and more undocumented kicks. Well control was difficult and expensive here because of the abnormally high temperatures and the extreme overpressures of the formations. Among the blowouts we had 12 oil and gas, 1 steam with 180 C° surface temperature, 4 CO2 blowouts with -30 C° surface temperature. 15 rigs were destroyed, 10 craters were formed by the blowouts and, unfortunately, a thrown DC killed one toolpusher. Shallow gas blowouts are perhaps the most difficult well control problem. A shallow gas blowout on a rig can cause large financial losses. For example, a blowout resulted in the total loss of a rig in Hungary. This event created a fishing lake near to Hajdúszoboszló. Studying the previous blowouts is very important for the drillers, engineers and instructors so as to prevent any well control problems. The results, observations and conclusions help to change the practice and technology in order to avoid any risk situations during normal drilling operations. By the favorable results of the skilled, well-trained drillers, better and better tools and equipment, day by day practical experience, and the special Well Control Training School, we have had only one blowout in the last 10 years.
This paper reviews shallow gas blowouts while drilling in Hungary and discusses current industry myths about shallow gas, typical results from a shallow gas blowout that affect the kill operation, kill options, selection criteria and well killing guidelines. The objectives of this case study are to describe procedures which will reduce the risk and cost of controlling the flow if a blowout occurs and build the experiences into our training programs to prevent this accident. Conclusion of this study include the recommended well control procedures and the required well control equipment for Hajduszoboszlo field.
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11.12.2001, F.Agzamov, N. Karimov, K. Akchurin
PREPARATION OF EXPANDING OIL-WELL CEMENTS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Agzamov/preparation.pdf
The report substantiates the expediency of employment of expanding oil well cements for well cementing. It considers the principles of preparation of cements with different binding base and expanding additives. The mechanism of sulphoaluminate and oxide expansion is shown. It studies the effect of different factors on the expansion value and kinetics. It presents the results of experimental investigation and oil well cement compositions.
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11.12.2001, Miha'ly Dobro'ka
ROCK STRESS DETERMINATION IN BOREHOLES WITHOUT OVERCORING
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Dobroka/rockstress.pdf
The paper deals with the simultaneous determination of five independent stress components from the data measured in a single borehole. The proposed technique consists of cementing a solid cylindrical epoxy probe in which strain gauges have been embedded into a hole predrilled into the rock mass. Using the rheological equations of the Poynting-Thomson body analytical solutions are given for the displacement and strain field of the probe and of the rock. By measuring the time history of the deformations of the probe one can determine stress components occurring in the rock continuum without overcoring of the borehole.
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11.12.2001, M. Rykus, V. Snachev
GOLD IN DISLOCATED CARBONACEOUS LAYERS OF THE SOUTH URALS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Rykus/goldin.pdf
Typomorphic peculiarities are shown of upper Precambrian gold- bearing carbonaceous layers of the South Urals. A gold- concentrating role is established of sulfide-carbonaceous depositions and hydrothermal-metamorphic nature of metallization. A qualitative model of gold-formation is represented, proposing a multi-time extraction of gold from host rocks in the process of lithe- and tectogenesis.
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11.12.2001, Lakatos, J. Lakatos-Szabo', S. Tro''mbo''czky, I. Munka'csi, B. Kosztin, G. Pala'sthy
POTENTIALS OF SILICATES IN TREATMENT OF OIL PRODUCING WELLS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Lakatos/potentialsofsil.pdf
By joint application of silicates and polymers, a multifunctional, self- controlling chemical system is formed which works spontaneously even under harsh reservoir conditions, meanwhile the methods remain inexpensive, flexible and adaptable to any production technologies. A concise summary of the technique, its principle and mainly field projects are discussed in the paper.
It was shown that the silicates, combined with polymers offer unique opportunity to cure numerous production/injection problems including water-shut- off, profile correction, gas coning, etc. in oil and gas fields. Between 1980 and 1998 the field projects, comprising more than forty well treatments, yielded substantial additional oil production, life time of wells were extended and the overall profitability of the field was significantly increased, meanwhile environmentally friendly chemicals were used. Therefore, the Hungarian experts are convinced that the polymer/silicate method is reasonable alternative wherever and whenever the application of bulk or surface gelation or deposition is arising.
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11.12.2001, J. Lakatos-Szabo', I. Lakatos
EFFECT OF NON-IONIC SURFACTANT HOMOLOGUES ON INTERFACIAL RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OIL/WATER SYSTEMS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Lakatos/effectofnon.pdf
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11.12.2001, G. Petho'', L. Ficso'r
SOME APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCY DOMAIN 2.5-D EM NUMERICAL MODELLING USING HED SOURCES
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Petho/someapplic.pdf
Geophysical electromagnetic (EM) methods can be characterized with increasing role in applied geophysical research. Without modelling of EM fields a great deal of theoretical problems can not be solved and practical questions of measurements planning can not be answered. Assuming harmonic time dependent horizontal electric dipole (HED) sources parallel to the structural strike and perpendicular to it this paper deals with some applications and summarizes the results gained by 2.5-D frequency domain EM numerical modelling in the last years.
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11.12.2001, F. Egerer, K. Namesa'nszki, F. Ma'dai
IONIC ADSORPTION OF SAND - AND CLAYSTONES
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Madai/ionicad.pdf
It is well-known that the contamination of soils or rocks, developing as a result of industrial, agricultural or some other activity, is a significant environmental problem. The task in these cases is to determine the kind and the amount of the contaminating element as well as to indicate its areal distribution. To complete these tasks, it is necessary know how the different soils and rocks do adsorb different ions, with a special regard to the toxic elements. We mention here only a few examples from the large amount of papers on this topic. Our own experimental results as well as the requirements for environmental mapping have proven the necessity and importance of these experiments. The importance of ionic adsorption is demonstrated by the fact that research on this topic have a high priority in the US. Experimental results on ionic adsorption of certain rocks are presented in this paper. Several actions were investigated in different anionic environments. It has to be mentioned that precipitation of minerals in a small amount takes also place parallel with the adsorption. However, since it was not possible to distinguish these processes, we consider later the phenomena as adsorption, whether precipitation occurs or not.
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11.12.2001, B.M.Orlinskiy, K.M.Bruzgalov, M.Y.Mavrin
STUDY OF POOL FLOODING PROCESS FOR MONITORING THE OIL RESERVES RECOVERY
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Orlinsky/studyofpoll.pdf
The urgency of study of basic regularities of pool water flooding is predetermined by the fact that complex structural multiple zone oil pools are developed by wells being drilled according to a rather simple geometric pattern. So, two mutually functioning systems – the deposits of a given structure and the selected system of development – in most cases do not correspond to each other to a certain extent that negatively influence on basic technological factors of the development. The value of information about the process and condition of pool water flooding is in its results of a complex influence of geologic structure features and of applied development system on recovery of reserves in multiple zone pools.
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11.12.2001, J. Toth, T. Bodi, P. Szucs
CALCULATION OF RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FROM DISPLACEMENT TEST DATA
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Bodi/calcofrel.pdf
In the porous reservoir-rocks for the description and simulation of the two-phase flows the phase/relative permeability data and functions of fluids are necessary. The function of relative permeability is given generally depending on the degree of saturation of the wetting phase, and this function is determined in the most cases on the basis of data taken from laboratory displacement tests performed on rock-samples. Displacement tests can be carried out through a relatively short time, but the evaluation of the data received can be considered as a highly complex job. During displacement measurement the processing of data is made difficult by the unfavorable capillary end-effect appearing on the inlet and outlet of the sample unless the displacement has been made by a great speed, because then the value of the end effect shall have been minimized.
Numerous methods are known to evaluate the data of displacement on an appropriately big speed, these often apply an auxiliary graphic method, and in other cases some empirical auxiliary functions will be applied. The analytic method elaborated and developed by the Authors offers a possibility to describe the permeability functions more accurately almost semi-analytically, and to calculate these from the data of displacement.
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11.12.2001, J. Toth, T. Bodi, P. Szucs, F. Civan
LINEAR EQUATIONS DERIVED FROM LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TO DESCRIBE IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Bodi/lineareq.pdf
An accurate analytical interpretation method to determine the Leverett-function (fw) and its derivative (fw') from immiscible displacement data in core plugs is presented. Linear equations are developed to describe the displacement processes occurring before and after breakthrough. A quadratic function is introduced to represent the saturation distribution along the cores.
The relationships derived in this study can be used for analysis of core tests involving constant injection rates and constant pressure differences. The applicability, practicality, and accuracy of the new analytical method are verified by means of the experimental data obtained in the present study and by those reported in the literature.
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11.12.2001, A.Barabas, E. Bobok, G. Takacs, Z. Turzo
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A HOT DRY ROCK PROJECT IN HUNGARY
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Barabas/feasibility.pdf
The paper aims at developing a mathematical model to describe the hydraulic and thermal behavior of an artificially created reservoir (a.k.a. HDR). The investigated system consists of an injection well, through which high-volume water is injected downhole, an artificially created fracture system used to extract the geothermal heat of the earth, and a production well through which heated water reaches the surface. The energy content of the produced water is removed by suitable surface heat exchangers. Spent water is re-injected through the injection well thus making the system a closed one.
The computer program developed by the authors is used to investigate the feasibility of the described process in Hungary. The authors select the site best suited for such kind of heat extraction, then, using several assumed fracture configurations calculate the hydraulic and thermal parameters of the proposed system.
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11.12.2001, A. Abyzgildin, M. Abyzgildina
NEW INFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIAL. OUTLOOK TO THE 21ST CENTURY
http://www.ogbus.ru/eng/authors/Abyzgildin/newinfotech.pdf
New ways are examined of the transmission of graphic information, containing in flow process diagrams of hydrocarbon raw material processing.
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11.12.2001, R. Nabiev, I. Budilov, R. Nasyrov
EVALUATION OF STRENGTH OF OIL PIPELINES WITH DEFECTS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Budilov/evaluation.pdf
Damages of oil pipeline’s sections during the maintenance put it often out of operation or cause temporary stops, which as the result involves considerable financial costs. Therefore, the elaboration of efficient methods is an actual task for the estimation of possible consequences of damages and destructions of some sections and oil pipeline as a whole taking into account real defects. Such estimation requires a fulfillment of complex research works, both of destruction mechanisms and kinetics of growth of weary defects and cracks
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11.12.2001, S.Å.Êutukov
Heat exchange of pipelines in the severe geo- cryological and hydrological ambient under macroclimatic and seasonal conditions
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Kutukov/heat.pdf
The heat&mass transfer of a transported product with embracing environment is a complex composite process, on which the determinate and statistical models for a omnifarious technological problem solutions of pipeline operating are created.
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11.12.2001, R. Zaripov, G. Korobkov, R. Khasanov, V. Chichelov
MAINTENANCE OF STRENGTH OF MAIN PIPELINES, OPERATING IN NON-STANDARD CONDITIONS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Zaripov/mainofstrength.pdf
A mathematical model of a stressed-deformed condition of the pipeline having big sagging, commensurable with the pipe radius is proposed. A non-linear statement of the task of a bar’s long-cross bend (a pipeline model) allow to take into consideration real conditions of the pipelines’ maintenance, laid in areas with watered, ever-frozen and landslide grounds as well as with sub-surfaced cavity of various origin. Initial equations, an algorithm of their decision are given, as well as an example of the research of a stressed-deformed condition of a gas pipeline, passing over karst formations, under operational and weather-climatic loads.
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11.12.2001, Y. Spector, O. Denisov, A. Shchepetov, V. Alexandrov, A. Gruzdev
STEEL TANK UNDERLAY REHABILITATION IN ACCORDING TO THE TECHNICAL INSPECTION
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Spector/steeltank.pdf
For oil and oil products storage tank batteries are equipped with the vertical cylindrical steel tanks with the volume capacity up to 50 thousand m3. The tanks are the complicated engineering constructions, extremely sensitive to the differential settlements of soil bases which provoke lack of parallelism, rakes and a tank form change. When a tank hydraulic testing, the differential settlements and rakes often occur that exceed the standard values. Tank bases and pads evaluation includes settlement determination, engineering- geological survey, technical state inspection. According to the evaluation results, the conclusion on the possibility of the subsequent tank service and, if necessary, the recommendations on repair and reconstruction of the base are given. The main methods of a tank base repair and reconstruction are soil stabilisation, pads strengthening, penetration of piles of different construction.
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11.12.2001, S. Kutukov, R. Bakhtizin, R. Nabiev, S. Pavlov, A.Vasiliev
SIMULATION METHOD OF PIPELINE SECTIONS RANKING BY ENVIRONMENMTAL HAZARD DUE TO OIL DAMAGE SPILL
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Nabiev/simulation.pdf
Geoinformation modelling serves as a methodological basis for development of means for prognosis of environmental and social consequences of accidents at trunk pipelines. One of numerous aspects of this problem is fragmentation of a pipeline into linear objects by environmental characteristics including technical state and probable environmental and social consequences of an accident. Rational planning of the pipeline linear section overhauls, declaration of industrial and environmental safety, development of valid standards for the pump station emergency service and other aspects depend on the correct solution of these problems. When making management decisions under the conditions of uncertainty or limited initial information a comparative assessment (ranks) of probable accident consequences at these pipeline sections should become an effective means for determining the required reliability level of a trunk pipeline section.
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11.12.2001, A. Shammazov, B. Mastobayev, A. Lokshin, R. Bakhtizin, R. Bikmetov
MAINTENANCE OF OPENED RESERVOIRS OF OIL PUMPING STATIONS OF MAIN OIL PIPELINES
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Lokshin/maintenance.pdf
Based on the fulfilled research works, the fact of the existence of the opened reservoirs in the system of oil transport and storage is examined, their purpose and influence on the surrounding objects. Physical and chemical properties of oil products, existing in the opened reservoirs were considered.
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11.12.2001, S. Kutukov, F. Badikov, G. Samigullin
APPLICATION OF INTELLECTUAL SYSTEMS IN MONITORING OF OIL PIPELINES OPERATION MODES
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Kutukov/applicationofint.pdf
The application of expert systems in monitoring of trunk oil pipelines operation modes increases considerably a reliability of the maintenance, due-time control, reduces costs for technical service due to the descent to the mode of “repair as per condition”, enlarges possibilities of ecology monitoring and technical genetics.
On the analytical basis of the up-to date technical pipeline diagnostics achievements, the methodology of the system’s “training” based on the configuration (architecture) of multi-layer network is shown in this paper, allowing to describe adequately system’s behaving standards, and perspectives of the informative system application are outlined. The quantitative estimation algorithm of the functional deviation (passage contraction of offshore oil-field “White Tiger” collector identified by the Delphi technique) is explained by graphic analogues.
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11.12.2001, Khafizov A., Chebotarev V., Dudov A., Besprozvannj A., Umergalin T.
RESOURCE SAVING TECHNOLOGY WITH THE COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND STORAGE HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIAL
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Khafizov/resourcesaving.pdf
Herein the problems of reduction of technological losses hydrocarbon of raw materials and reagent at oil producing the enterprises are considered. The new technologies applied to the solution of this problem are analyzed. As the basic idea the technologies based on the processes momentary adsorbtion and disorbtion are offered, and it is offered to use pipelines as technological devices for absorption of petrol fractions from petroleum and natural gas, preliminary drainage of natural gas in dilatable chambers and gas pipelines, disorbtion of a sated watermethanol solution by a warm gas.
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11.12.2001, A. Gumerov, G. Zhuravlev, S. Rafikov, E.Gorbanenko
THE ESTIMATION OF TECHNICAL STATE OF MARINE PIPELINES
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Gumerov/estimation.pdf
Procedures of calculation of stress-deformation state of the most hazardous submarine pipeline sections are considered, an example of the calculation is given.
In the oil fields under development in the shelf of Vietnam marine pipelines for offshore pumping of high- solidification oils, gas-liquid mixtures, gas and water to maintain formation pressure are in operation. The constructive design of pipelines is performed without sea bottom penetration.
As is shown by the world practice, the main causes of failures of such pipelines in operation can be damage from ship anchors, internal and external corrosion of pipes, excessive bends in vertical and horizontal planes, wear of pipelines at the intersection points, damage resulting from metal fatigue caused by waves, currents, changes in pressure and temperature of a product being pumped, bottom deformation and sagging of pipelines, damage caused by construction work in the immediate proximity to pipelines.
To ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of marine pipelines and to make a timely decision regarding time and type of repair one should possess true information about technical condition of these pipelines. In case of impossibility of using traditional methods of checking required parameters, applied for pipelines laid on the ground, it becomes necessary to develop and to update the procedures of obtaining such parameters by theoretical methods.
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11.12.2001, J. Faitli
PRESSURE LOSS CALCULATION MODEL FOR WELL-GRADED SOLID-LIQUID PIPE FLOWS ON THE BASIS OF SYSTEMATIC PILOT PLANT INVESTIGATIONS
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Faitli/pressureloss.pdf
If a well granulated bulk solid material is separated into narrow particle fractions by size and the pressure loss curve of each fraction is measured in a given pipe a limit particle size can be determined.
The flow of the smaller fractions and the water can be described as a continuum with own suspension density and rheological properties. This is called fine suspension flow. The pressure loss curve of the coarse fractions and water flow has a minimum point, the continuum model is hard to be applied. This is called coarse mixture flow. In a given pipe only the particle size determines whether the flow is fine suspension or coarse mixture. In case of a coarse mixture flow the particles can be suspended or settled as function of the actual flow rate. When the coarse particles are suspended, this is the case of the many empirical equations, of which the first one was proposed by Durand. Mechanical friction loss of the settled and sliding particles can be correlated by the two-layer model.
On the basis of this point of view a pressure loss calculation method has been developed. The material parameters in the model can be measured by a systematic test by a tube viscometer. A hydraulic test loop and a tube viscometer with three different pipes have been built and experiments were carried out by glass sand from Fehérvárcsúrgó and fly-ash from the Power Plant of Mátra, both located in Hungary.
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11.12.2001, L. Tihanyi, E. Bobok, T. Bodi
A NEW MODEL FOR BLOW-OFF OF A GAS PIPELINE
http://www.ogbus.com/eng/authors/Bodi/newmodel.pdf
The authors worked out a calculation process and software for calculating the working conditions of blow-off systems at technological stations of gas pipelines. One part of the examined system is the closed gas pipeline section, the other is the blow-off pipe provided with a control valve. To create the model they analysed the blow-off process, on the basis of which the simplifying assumptions were determined. The calculation model gives non- steady values of pressure, temperature and the gas flow at chosen points of the system. In the second part of the article the authors present the application of the calculation algorithm with the help of examples for all the three control options. On the basis of the results the changes in the blow-off gas flow and after all the venting time can be seen for each control method,. The elaborate calculation process and software can be used either to plan new flare systems or to analyse the working conditions of existing systems.
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